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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">∂</span></h1>
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<th colspan="2"><div class="punctuation" style="text-align:center; font-size:800%; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.25em">∂</div>
</th></tr>
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<th colspan="2"><a href="Liste_mathematischer_Symbole" title="Liste mathematischer Symbole">Mathematische Zeichen</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Arithmetik
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<tr>
<td><a href="Pluszeichen" title="Pluszeichen">Pluszeichen</a>
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<td align="center">+
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<tr>
<td><a href="Minuszeichen" title="Minuszeichen">Minuszeichen</a>
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<td align="center">−, ⁒
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Malzeichen" title="Malzeichen">Malzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">⋅, ×
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Geteiltzeichen" title="Geteiltzeichen">Geteiltzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">:, ÷, /
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Plusminuszeichen" title="Plusminuszeichen">Plusminuszeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">±, ∓
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Vergleichszeichen" title="Vergleichszeichen">Vergleichszeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center"><, ≤, =, ≥, >
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<tr>
<td><a href="Wurzelzeichen" title="Wurzelzeichen">Wurzelzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">√
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Prozentzeichen" title="Prozentzeichen">Prozentzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">%
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Analysis
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Summe#Notation_mit_dem_Summenzeichen" title="Summe">Summenzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">Σ
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Produkt_(Mathematik)#Endliche_und_unendliche_Produkte" title="Produkt (Mathematik)">Produktzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">Π
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Differenzzeichen" title="Differenzzeichen">Differenzzeichen</a>, <a href="Nabla" title="Nabla">Nabla</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∆, ∇
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Prime_(Typografie)" title="Prime (Typografie)">Prime</a>
</td>
<td align="center">′
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Partielles Differential</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∂
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Integralzeichen" title="Integralzeichen">Integralzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∫
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Verkettungszeichen" title="Verkettungszeichen">Verkettungszeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∘
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Unendlichzeichen" title="Unendlichzeichen">Unendlichzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∞
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Geometrie
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Winkel#Bezeichnung_von_Winkeln" title="Winkel">Winkelzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∠, ∡, ∢, ∟
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Orthogonalit%C3%A4t" title="Orthogonalität">Senkrecht</a>, <a href="Parallelit%C3%A4t_(Geometrie)" title="Parallelität (Geometrie)">Parallel</a>
</td>
<td align="center">⊥, ∥
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<tr>
<td><a href="Dreieck" title="Dreieck">Dreieck</a>, <a href="Viereck" title="Viereck">Viereck</a>
</td>
<td align="center">△, □
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Durchmesserzeichen" title="Durchmesserzeichen">Durchmesserzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">⌀
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Mengenlehre
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Menge_(Mathematik)#Vereinigung_(Vereinigungsmenge)" title="Menge (Mathematik)">Vereinigung</a>, <a href="Menge_(Mathematik)#Durchschnitt_(Schnittmenge,_Schnitt)" title="Menge (Mathematik)">Schnitt</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∪, ∩
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Menge_(Mathematik)#Differenz_und_Komplement" title="Menge (Mathematik)">Differenz</a>, <a href="Komplement_(Mengenlehre)" title="Komplement (Mengenlehre)">Komplement</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∖, ∁
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elementzeichen" title="Elementzeichen">Elementzeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∈
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Teilmenge" title="Teilmenge">Teilmenge</a>, <a href="Teilmenge" title="Teilmenge">Obermenge</a>
</td>
<td align="center">⊂, ⊆, ⊇, ⊃
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Leere_Menge" title="Leere Menge">Leere Menge</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∅
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2">Logik
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Folgepfeil" title="Folgepfeil">Folgepfeil</a>
</td>
<td align="center">⇒, ⇔, ⇐
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Quantor" title="Quantor">Allquantor</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∀
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Quantor" title="Quantor">Existenzquantor</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∃
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Konjunktion_(Logik)" title="Konjunktion (Logik)">Konjunktion</a>, <a href="Disjunktion" title="Disjunktion">Disjunktion</a>
</td>
<td align="center">∧, ∨
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Negationszeichen" title="Negationszeichen">Negationszeichen</a>
</td>
<td align="center">¬
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>Das <b>∂</b> (sprich: <b>Del</b>) ist ein <a href="Liste_mathematischer_Symbole" title="Liste mathematischer Symbole">mathematisches Symbol</a>, das hauptsächlich für die <a href="Partielle_Ableitung" title="Partielle Ableitung">partielle Ableitung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {\partial }{\partial x}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
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</mfrac>
</mstyle>
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</mstyle>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {\partial }{\partial x}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6fccdcb2675c59725c4a200e3f4f2c270497c17b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:2.708ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {\partial }{\partial x}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und das partielle <a href="Differential_(Mathematik)" title="Differential (Mathematik)">Differential</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \partial f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>f</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \partial f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e49e78bca168615a85789d3cbf71bb206b66430.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.597ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \partial f}" loading="lazy"></span> benutzt wird. Es hat die <a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicodenummer</a> <a href="Unicodeblock_Mathematische_Operatoren" title="Unicodeblock Mathematische Operatoren">U+2202</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namen">Namen</h2></div>
<p>Der geläufigste Name des ∂ ist <i>Del</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was allerdings im Englischen auch den <a href="Nabla-Operator" title="Nabla-Operator">Nabla-Operator</a> bezeichnet. Daher gibt es weitere Namen für das Symbol, u. a. <i>partielles d</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> im Englischen <i>Dabba</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> oder <i>Jacobidelta</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Aldrich_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldrich-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sowie einfach <i>d</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Im letzteren Fall ist es dann allerdings sprachlich nicht mehr von der <a href="Totales_Differential" title="Totales Differential">totalen Ableitung</a> zu unterscheiden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendungsgeschichte">Verwendungsgeschichte</h2></div>
<p>So wie das <a href="Integralzeichen" title="Integralzeichen">Integralzeichen</a> eine spezielle Form des <a href="Langes_s" title="Langes s">langen s</a> darstellt, ist das ∂ eine spezielle kursive Schreibweise des <i>d</i>s. Zuerst verwendet wurde es 1770 vom französischen Mathematiker <a href="Marie_Jean_Antoine_Nicolas_Caritat%2C_Marquis_de_Condorcet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet">Nicolas de Concorcet</a> als Symbol für das partielle Differential.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldrich_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldrich-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="Vorlage_Zitat" style="margin:1em 40px;">
<div style="margin:1em 0;"><blockquote style="margin:0;">
<p>„Dans toute la suite de ce Memoire, dz & ∂z désigneront ou deux differences partielles de z, dont une par rapport a x, l'autre par rapport a y, ou bien dz sera une différentielle totale, & ∂z une difference partielle.“
</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote style="margin:.5em 0 0 0;" lang="de-Latn">
<p>„Im weiteren Verlauf dieser Abhandlung bezeichnen dz & ∂z entweder zwei partielle Differentiale von z, davon einer in Bezug auf x, der andere in Bezug auf y, oder dz ist ein Gesamtdifferential & ∂z ein partielles Differential.“
</p>
</blockquote></div><div class="cite" style="margin:-1em 0 1em 1em;">– <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261921330">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .Person{font-variant:small-caps}
/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><span class="Person h-card"><a href="Marie_Jean_Antoine_Nicolas_Caritat%2C_Marquis_de_Condorcet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet">Antoine-Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet</a></span>: <cite style="font-style:normal"><i>Memoire sur les Equations aux différence partielles</i>, 1773<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></div>
<p><a href="Adrien-Marie_Legendre" title="Adrien-Marie Legendre">Adrien-Marie Legendre</a> verwendete es 1786 erstmals für die partielle Ableitung.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldrich_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldrich-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="Vorlage_Zitat" style="margin:1em 40px;">
<div style="margin:1em 0;"><blockquote style="margin:0;">
<p>„Pour éviter toute ambiguité, je représenterai par ∂u/∂x le coefficient de x dans la différence de u, & par du/dx la différence complète de u divisée par dx.“
</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote style="margin:.5em 0 0 0;" lang="de-Latn">
<p>„Um Mehrdeutigkeiten zu vermeiden, werde ich durch ∂u/∂x den Koeffizienten von x im Differential von u & durch du/dx das totale Differential von u geteilt durch dx darstellen.“
</p>
</blockquote></div><div class="cite" style="margin:-1em 0 1em 1em;">– <span class="Person h-card"><a href="Adrien-Marie_Legendre" title="Adrien-Marie Legendre">Adrien-Marie Legendre</a></span>: <cite style="font-style:normal"><i>Memoire sur la manière de distinguer les maxima des minima dans le Calcul des Variations</i>, 1786<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></div>
<p>Legendre stellte die Verwendung später ein. <a href="Carl_Gustav_Jacob_Jacobi" title="Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi">Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi</a> nahm sie 1841 wieder auf und verbreitete das ∂ weitreichend.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldrich_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldrich-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="Vorlage_Zitat" style="margin:1em 40px;">
<div style="margin:1em 0;"><blockquote style="margin:0;">
<p>„Sed quia uncorum accumulatio et legenti et scribenti molestior fieri solet, praetuli characteristica d differentialia vulgaria, differentialia autem partialia characteristica ∂ denotare.“
</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote style="margin:.5em 0 0 0;" lang="de-Latn">
<p>„Da jedoch die Anhäufung von Haken für das Lesen und Schreiben noch mühsamer ist, bevorzuge ich die üblichen d charakteristisch für gewöhnliche Differentiale, für partielle Differentiale ist charakteristisch ∂ angegeben.“
</p>
</blockquote></div><div class="cite" style="margin:-1em 0 1em 1em;">– <span class="Person h-card"><a href="Carl_Gustav_Jacob_Jacobi" title="Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi">Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi</a></span>: <cite style="font-style:normal"><i>De determinantibus Functionalibus</i>, 1841<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anwendungen">Anwendungen</h2></div>
<p><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial f(x,y)}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}f(x,y)}">
<semantics>
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>x</mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial f(x,y)}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}f(x,y)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/232fbc2c76fb1f2bbc6ce0ccee16bec34b8b95ad.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:28.533ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial f(x,y)}{\partial x}}={\frac {\partial }{\partial x}}f(x,y)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist die <i>partielle Ableitung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span></i>. Man braucht sie, wenn eine multivariable Funktion nach einer Variablen differenziert werden soll, um anzugeben, nach welcher.
</p><p><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial \mathbf {f} }{\partial \mathbf {x} }}={\frac {\partial (f_{1},f_{2},\cdots ,f_{m})}{\partial (x_{1},x_{2},\cdots ,x_{n})}}={\begin{pmatrix}{\cfrac {\partial f_{1}}{\partial x_{1}}}&\cdots &{\cfrac {\partial f_{1}}{\partial x_{n}}}\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\{\cfrac {\partial f_{m}}{\partial x_{1}}}&\cdots &{\cfrac {\partial f_{m}}{\partial x_{n}}}\end{pmatrix}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">f</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt">
<mrow></mrow>
</mpadded>
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt">
<mrow></mrow>
</mpadded>
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt">
<mrow></mrow>
</mpadded>
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt">
<mrow></mrow>
</mpadded>
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋱<!-- ⋱ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋮<!-- ⋮ --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt">
<mrow></mrow>
</mpadded>
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt">
<mrow></mrow>
</mpadded>
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt">
<mrow></mrow>
</mpadded>
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mpadded width="0" height="8.6pt" depth="3pt">
<mrow></mrow>
</mpadded>
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial \mathbf {f} }{\partial \mathbf {x} }}={\frac {\partial (f_{1},f_{2},\cdots ,f_{m})}{\partial (x_{1},x_{2},\cdots ,x_{n})}}={\begin{pmatrix}{\cfrac {\partial f_{1}}{\partial x_{1}}}&\cdots &{\cfrac {\partial f_{1}}{\partial x_{n}}}\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\{\cfrac {\partial f_{m}}{\partial x_{1}}}&\cdots &{\cfrac {\partial f_{m}}{\partial x_{n}}}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6b10778e606cf915d91bcdde7816789a5f97a5a2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -8.838ex; width:49.633ex; height:18.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial \mathbf {f} }{\partial \mathbf {x} }}={\frac {\partial (f_{1},f_{2},\cdots ,f_{m})}{\partial (x_{1},x_{2},\cdots ,x_{n})}}={\begin{pmatrix}{\cfrac {\partial f_{1}}{\partial x_{1}}}&\cdots &{\cfrac {\partial f_{1}}{\partial x_{n}}}\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\{\cfrac {\partial f_{m}}{\partial x_{1}}}&\cdots &{\cfrac {\partial f_{m}}{\partial x_{n}}}\end{pmatrix}}}" loading="lazy"></span><br>nennt man die m×n-<a href="Jacobimatrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobimatrix">Jacobimatrix</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> nach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> (Matrix der partiellen Ableitungen der von n Variablen abhängigen m-dimensionalen Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span>).
</p><p>Neben partieller Ableitung, partiellem Differential und Jacobimatrix wird das ∂ auch in der <a href="Topologie_(Mathematik)" title="Topologie (Mathematik)">Topologie</a> als <a href="Rand_(Topologie)" title="Rand (Topologie)">Rand</a> einer <a href="Menge_(Mathematik)" title="Menge (Mathematik)">Menge</a>, in der <a href="Homologische_Algebra" title="Homologische Algebra">homologischen Algebra</a> als Grenzoperator in einem <a href="Kettenkomplex" title="Kettenkomplex">Kettenkomplex</a> oder einer DG-Algebra und in der <a href="Dolbeault-Kohomologie" title="Dolbeault-Kohomologie">Dolbeault-Kohomologie</a> als das <a href="Komplexe_Konjugation" title="Komplexe Konjugation">komplex Konjugierte</a> des <a href="Wirtinger-Kalk%C3%BCl#Dolbeault-Operator" title="Wirtinger-Kalkül">Dolbeault-Operators</a> über einer <a href="Komplexe_Differentialform" title="Komplexe Differentialform">komplexen Differentialform</a> verwendet. In der <a href="Linguistik" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistik">Linguistik</a> benutzt man das ∂ für <a href="Pr%C3%A4supposition" title="Präsupposition">Präsuppositionen</a> eines Satzes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kodierung">Kodierung</h2></div>
<table class="wikitable">
<caption>Kodierung in Unicode, <a href="HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML">HTML</a> und <a href="LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a>
</caption>
<tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe6">
<th rowspan="2">Zeichen
</th>
<th colspan="2">Unicode
</th>
<th rowspan="2">Bezeichnung
</th>
<th colspan="3">HTML
</th>
<th rowspan="2">LaTeX<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr class="hintergrundfarbe6">
<th>Position
</th>
<th>Bezeichnung
</th>
<th>hexadezimal
</th>
<th>dezimal
</th>
<th>benannt
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td>∂
</td>
<td><code>U+2202</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">partial differential</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left">Partielles Differential
</td>
<td>&#x2202;
</td>
<td>&#8706;
</td>
<td>&part;
</td>
<td><code>\partial</code>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td>𝛛
</td>
<td><code>U+1D6DB</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">mathematical bold partial differential</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left">Mathematische fette partielle Ableitung
</td>
<td>&#x1D6DB;
</td>
<td>&#120539;
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><code>\mbfpartial</code>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td>𝜕
</td>
<td><code>U+1D715</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">mathematical italic partial differential</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left">Mathematische kursive partielle Ableitung
</td>
<td>&#x1D715;
</td>
<td>&#120597;
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><code>\mitpartial</code>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td>𝝏
</td>
<td><code>U+1D74F</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">mathematical bold italic partial differential</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left">Mathematische fettkursive partielle Ableitung
</td>
<td>&#x1D74F;
</td>
<td>&#120655;
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><code>\mbfitpartial</code>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td>𝞉
</td>
<td><code>U+1D789</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">mathematical sans-serif bold partial differential</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left">Mathematische serifenlose fette partielle Ableitung
</td>
<td>&#x1D789;
</td>
<td>&#120713;
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><code>\mbfsanspartial</code>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center">
<td>𝟃
</td>
<td><code>U+1D7C3</code>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">mathematical sans-serif bold italic partial differential</span>
</td>
<td style="text-align:left">Mathematische serifenlose fettkursive partielle Ableitung
</td>
<td>&#x1D7C3;
</td>
<td>&#120771;
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><code>\mbfitsanspartial</code>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblink">Weblink</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/del" class="extiw external" title="wikt:del">Wiktionary: del</a></b> – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quellen">Quellen</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compart.com/de/unicode/U+2202">Unicode-Zeichen „∂“ (U+2202)</a>, Daten zum Symbol</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/math/multivariable-calculus/multivariable-derivatives/partial-derivative-and-gradient-articles/a/introduction-to-partial-derivatives">Introduction to partial derivatives</a>, <a href="Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Prof. Stefan Kooths, Nicole Wägner: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nanopdf.com/download/formel-bersicht_pdf">Formel-Übersicht</a>, Abschnitt Operatoren und Funktionen. <a href="University_of_Applied_Sciences_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Applied Sciences Europe">Business and Information Technology School</a>, 2014.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Malcolm Pemberton, Nicholas Rau: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=H92Z6yfhxk8C">Mathematics for Economists: An Introductory Textbook</a></i>. University of Toronto Press, 3. Ausgabe 2011. ISBN 1442612762. Zitat S, 270/271: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=H92Z6yfhxk8C&lpg=PA271&pg=PA271&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=pronounced&f=false">„pronounced 'partial-dee-eff-by-dee-ex'“.</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Y. Gokhale, N. S. Mujumdar, S. S. Kulkarni, A. N. Singh, K. R. Atal: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CbIqX6TxJVMC&pg=SA10-PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false">Engineering Mathematics-i</a>. Nirali Prakashan, 1981, Abschnitt 10.5. ISBN 8190693549. Zitat S. 10.2: „we read it as dabba z by dabba x (or del z by del x)“.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Aldrich-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Aldrich_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Aldrich_6-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Aldrich_6-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Aldrich_6-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">John Aldrich: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeff560.tripod.com/calculus.html">Earliest Uses of Symbols of Calculus</a>, Abschnitt <i>partial derivative</i>. Website Jeff Millers, Quelle für gesamte Verwendungsgeschichte.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard A. Silverman: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=CQ-kqE9Yo9YC&lpg=PA216&pg=PA216&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">Essential Calculus with Applications</a></i>. Courier Corporation, 1977; zweite Ausgabe 1989, S. 216. Dover Publications Inc, New York. ISBN 0486660974</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Marie_Jean_Antoine_Nicolas_Caritat%2C_Marquis_de_Condorcet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet">Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-3568&I=323&M=pagination">Memoire sur les Equations aux différence partielles</a></i>. In: Histoire de L'Academie Royale des Sciences, Annee M. DCCLXXIII (1773). S. 151–178, Zitat S. 152.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Adrien-Marie_Legendre" title="Adrien-Marie Legendre">Adrien-Marie Legendre</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3585j/f95.image">Memoire sur la manière de distinguer les maxima des minima dans le Calcul des Variations</a></i>. In: Histoire de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, Annee M. DCCLXXXVI (1786), Paris, M. DCCXXXVIII (1788). S. 7–37, Zitat Fußnote S. 8.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Carl_Gustav_Jacob_Jacobi" title="Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi">Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi</a>: <i>De determinantibus Functionalibus</i>. In: <i><a href="Journal_f%C3%BCr_die_reine_und_angewandte_Mathematik" title="Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik">Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik</a>.</i> Band 22, 1841, S. 319–352, S. 393–438 im 1. Band der gesammelten Werke.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ljudmila Geist, Björn Rothstein: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&id=IWzBRNdmD-EC&q=%E2%88%82#v=snippet&q=%E2%88%82&f=false">Kopulaverben und Kopulasätze: Intersprachliche und intrasprachliche Aspekte</a></i>. Linguistische Arbeiten, Band 512. Hrsg. Walter de Gruyter, 2012, Erstausgabe 2007. Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen. ISBN 3110938839. S. 154, Zitat: »„∂“ dient als Marker für Präsuppositionen«.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Will Robertson: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
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